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Benjamin Nweke described a failure that took him three weeks to notice. He had turned on Structured Outputs for a pipeline that parsed payment confirmation messages into transaction records, and his reconciliation job started flagging a small, steady stream of mismatches — a couple of percent of a week’s volume. Not crashes. Not malformed rows.…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) answers questions using information retrievedfrom a set of documents. That document collection is called a corpus. A typical evaluationsends a well-written question to a tidy corpusand checks whether the retriever returns the correctpassage.

Shubnam was packing boxes for a move into a new home when their friend sent them an Instagram video. The footage had only been up for a few hours, but it was days old, recorded at a Delhi protest this spring against a bill that would have narrowed the legal recognition for transgender people in…

In this article, I am going to review and implement the deep learning paper titled “CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module” by Woo et al. [1]. As the name suggests, this is essentially a block we can attach to a CNN-based model to enhance feature quality by performing an attention mechanism. Despite the name attention, it…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is the most widely used LLM use case across organizations. By vectorizing documents and retrieving semantically similar chunks at query time, RAG mitigates hallucinations, grounds responses and bypasses static knowledge cutoffs imposed by model pretraining. However, in a real-life scenario, standard vector-based RAG runs into limitations for complex queries, such as those…